Dr. Keith Folse (Professor of TESOL) was invited to deliver the opening plenary address to the 30th Annual Congress 2016 at the Universidad Interamericanama de Panama in Panama City on September 16, 2016. His talk compared teachers’ vs. learners’ perceptions of the most challenging aspects of learning English as a foreign language, particularly grammar. Citing examples of errors found in his research data from UCF students learning Spanish as a foreign language, Dr. Folse compared Panamanian university students’ and UCF students’ foreign language difficulties.